Transport Discrepancy as a Reliability Signal for Vision-Language-Action Models

Published July 3, 2026 · Category: Robotics

Overview

arXiv:2512.01715v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Vision-language-action (VLA) models that generate continuous action chunks via flow matching lack an internal signal for judging whether a given prediction is reliable. Distribution shift and long-horizon rollouts can push backbone representations away from the region the action head decodes reliably, yet the policy has no mechanism to detect or react to this drift. We observe that the cost of transporting observation features to the action representation in a shared feature space rises precisely when such drift occurs, providing a per-step reliability estimate without extra supervision. Building on this observation, we propose DiG (Discrepancy Gate), a lightweight plug-in module for flow-matching VLA policies. DiG computes a sliced Wasserstein transport cost between backbone features and the action expert's own input projection, maps it through an exponential gate, and uses the gate to modulate both a residual feature refinement and the training loss. At inference time, the gate enables DiG-Refinefine, an iterative refinement process that corrects action chunks before execution. Experiments on both simulation and real-world scenarios show that DiG consistently improves success rates, with the largest gains under distribution shift and on long-horizon tasks.

Source

Originally published at arxiv.org.

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